Recessive Red
The other two E locus genes are
E (normal extension) and
e (recessive red). Normal extension simply allows a dog to express its other genes on other locii normally. To put it simply, it has no effect on the dog. Recessive red, however, produces a much more visible effect. A dog which is
homozygous for recessive red, so has the genotype
ee, will be
completely red. Its nose will remain black (or liver, blue or isabella, whatever its eumelanin pigment colour is), and so will its eye rims and lips, but the rest of its coat will be solid red (with or without white markings and ticking). This is because the recessive red gene, in effect, gives the skin cells a
disability (but not a harmful one!) - it stops them from being able to produce eumelanin. It is therefore
impossible for a recessive red dog to have
any black (or liver, blue or isabella) in its coat.
Recessive red, although recessive in its own series, is
dominant over almost everything else. Dominant black, sable, tan points, wolf grey, merle, and any other pattern with black in it will be turned to solid red by the recessive red gene. This, in a way, is the danger of recessive red - it's a dog breeder's worst nightmare because it can mask so much. It's impossible to know from looking at a recessive red dog whether it carries sable, tan points, brindle, or any other A or K locus gene, and so impossible to know what it will pass down to its puppies unless you know its family history. A recessive red dog could even be
merle while still appearing solid red, and this is a problem that has arisen in Pomeranians. Merle is a recent addition to the Pomeranian breed, and breeders are worried that double merles will be bred by accident because recessive red is so common in the breed. The only way to tell if a recessive red dog is merle is if it has blue eyes (which not all merles do), so it would be easy to accidently breed two merles together if you had a hazy knowledge of genetics and thought merle was always visible because it is dominant. See the double merle page for information on why merle to merle breedings are dangerous